![]() Morphy Defence: alternatives to Closed Defence Steinitz's opinion did not prevail, however today, 3.a6 is played in over 65 percent of all games beginning with the Ruy Lopez. Steinitz did not approve of the move in 1889, he wrote, 'on principle this ought to be disadvantageous as it drives the bishop where it wants to go'. The move became popular after it was played by Paul Morphy, however, and it is named for him. c4 pawn advance on the queenside.Ercole del Rio, in his 1750 treatise Sopra il giuoco degli Scacchi, Osservazioni pratiche dell'anonimo Modenese (On the game of Chess, practical Observations by an anonymous Modenese), was the first author to mention 3.a6. White must take some care not to fall into the Noah's Ark Trap, in which Black traps White's king bishop on the b3-square with a. The main point of 3.a6 is that after the common retreat 4.Ba4, Black will have the possibility of breaking a future pin on his queen knight by playing. ![]() ![]() By far the most commonly played third move for Black is the Morphy Defence, 3.a6, which 'puts the question' to the white bishop.
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